Marketing Planning Process of H&M

Substance Acknowledgments Introduction Methodology {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} Appendix Acknowledgments I might want to Thank Frances Smith and all the women at Invest Northern Ireland for the entirety of their assistance and backing all through the procedure of this task. Their commitment has been really valued. Acquaintance In request with comprehend the Marketing Planning Process it is essential to initially recognize what the term, Marketing Planning Process implies. Market arranging is â€Å"the process by which organizations investigate nature and their capacities, settle on courses of showcasing activity and execute those choices. (Middleman, 2006) It is additionally essential to recognize the various stages and sorts of the procedure and which is best for the organization. Philosophy Information has been accumulated from a wide scope of sound and non-one-sided optional assets. Factual data, data on gainfulness of the company’s promoting condition has been sourced and investigated from locales, for example, Datamoniter, Mintel Oxygen, key Note and Lexis Nexus. Further Data and data has been sourced from electronic diaries, for example, Emerald, business sites, regarded papers and The H&M organization site, from which this Marketing Planning Process will be based. Business and Marketing speculations have been assembled from showcasing masters and researchers, for example, Jobber, Kotler and Porter. Essential exploration will likewise be accumulated through contemplating the nearby H&M stores. The Marketing Planning Process. Business Mission Marketing Audit SWOT Analysis Marketing Objectives Strategic Thrust Core Strategy Target Markets Marketing Mix Decisions Organization and Implementation Control (Jobber, 2006) 1. 1-The Importance of the Marketing Planning Process. With business working in an inexorably serious condition, â€Å"Having an arrangement gives directors a point of convergence for choices and activities. (Agent, 2006) The arranging procedure gives the organization the ability to run effectively and accomplish beneficial deals, â€Å"It bodes well to attempt to carry some request to this disorder by understanding the business condition and carrying some vital sense to the way toward promoting items and administrations. † (Tutor2u, 2009) This is the reason the showcasing arranging process is imperative to a business; it assists with organizing errands and procedures by responding to all the applicable inquiries of, for example, where are we now? , how could we arrive? , and where are we heading? so as to accomplish the ideal objective. So as to satisfy these fittingly utilizing a technique for SOSTAC will assist with giving an organized examination as every component identifies with a significant stage inside the arranging procedure. SOSTAC is an Acronym for the 6 fundamental components of the Marketing Plan: Situation Where are we now? Goals Where would we like to get to? Procedure How are we going to arrive? †The Big Picture Tactics How are we going to arrive? †The Detail Actions Who will do what and when? Control How would we be able to control, gauge and build up the procedure? . 2-The Advantages of the Marketing Planning Process. The Marketing Planning Process is an extraordinary way â€Å"to give a very much characterized way from creating a business strategic executing and controlling the resultant plans. † ( Jobber, 2006) The upside of a decent promoting arrangement is that is implies that the organization can have an away from of what they have accomplished and what they have to accomplish so as to decide whether a procedure was effective or if another expansion will be. The arranging procedure implies no time is squandered and everybody is on a similar way. 1. 3-Strategic Planning Key arranging includes dealing with the heading of the business so as to keep up â€Å"a fit between the associations targets and assets and the advancing business sector openings. † (Mc Daniel et al, 2008) this worries the general course of the organization and not just the showcasing area so as to guarantee the items and administrations give by the organization are meeting the general goals. This can be described by the Strategic triangle as demonstrated as follows: Figure 1-Strategic Triangle. {draw:frame} (New-worldview, 2000) 1. 4 Conclusion The advertising arranging process puts the company’s showcasing techniques energetically. There are numerous variables concerning the procedure as noted. These will currently be assessed so as to guarantee the most suitable techniques for the procedure are being use while finishing the showcasing plan which will be founded on the organization of H&M. Statistical surveying. *2. 1-*Types of Market Research. Optional examination is separated among inside and outside sources. Interior sources take a gander at records and insights, for example, bookkeeping records, inside the entire organization while outer sources center around reports and data from outside the organization, for example, evaluation reports and periodicals. This gives a decent sign of not just how well an item may do inside the organization yet additionally encourages the business to comprehend the market for this item and give them a serious edge. Essential data includes getting unique information straightforwardly about the item and center gatherings, and online reviews. This assists with guaranteeing that the data is straightforwardly explicit to the necessities to the business as it is close to home to them. 2. 2-Contribution of Market Research to the Marketing Planning Process. 2. 3-Conclusion. It is currently apparent that statistical surveying is basic to a decent showcasing plan as it gathers the information that organizations need so as to succeed. It is currently indispensable to take a gander at the advertising review for H&M so as to assess the qualities and shortcoming of the organization for a decent SWOT examination. 3. 0-H&M foundation. Hennes and Mauritz is one of the biggest design retailers to hit the high road with around 18000 stores around the world, utilizing around The 73’000 individuals. H&M was first settled in Vasteras, Sweden in 1947 by Erling Person. The organization has developed solid advertisement currently offers a group of 100 in house architects to make their lines of men’s, women’s and children’s apparel and made a turnover of SEK 104,041 million of every 2008. They likewise sell their own image of footwear, extras and beautifiers. H&M don't possess their own production lines in any case; they do purchase merchandise from more than 800 free providers round the world, for the most part from Asia and Europe. They are likewise an overall store through their online deals and furthermore offer an inventory of their reaches. H&M’s idea is to offer ‘fashion and quality at the best cost. (H&M, 2009) †See reference section 1 For H&M’s Mission Statement. 3. 1-Marketing Audit. The promoting review considers both interior and outer impacts inside the market when settling on the choices emerged. There many advertising apparatuses that an organization can utilize when finishi ng showcasing review, for example, PESTEL investigation and Porters Five Forces which bargain exclusively on the outside condition and SWOT examination which takes a gander at both the inward and outer. (Showcasing Teacher,2009) H&M are an organization whose achievement is wide spread as a result of the company’s capacities to perform full exploration before they settle on any key choices. H&M trust â€Å"A solid brand is progressively significant serious advantage,† (Hennes and Mauritz, 2009). H&M mean to utilize their strategies for correspondence so as to fabricate the brand both inside a long and momentary bases. They trust this empowers every client to have a full comprehension of a big motivator for H&M and to feel comfortable around their H&M store. Anyway there is no notice of their idea of ‘Fashion and quality at the best price’ anyplace inside their advertising efforts. Figure2-The Marketing Environment 3. 2-Macro-Environment. Financial Environment*-The monetary condition takes a gander at the PESTEL investigation which comprises of: *Figure 3*-*PESTEL* Analysis. â€Å"Before H&M chooses to move into another market, an appraisal is made of the business sectors potential. Factors, for example, segment structure, buying power, financial development, foundation and political hazard are examined. † (H&M, 2009) Po litical Companies should be educated on the political structure of the nations in which they are in conveyance with. These incorporate any administration strategies, charges, exchanging duties, any war or strife just as inside governmental issues of the nation. H&M are worried about political limitations and subsequently break down the framework and political dangers before extending. They should know about the nations laws and guidelines so as not to break them or segregate in any capacity, particularly with their advertising apparatuses. Things that may require consider would be the VAT decreases, reusing terms, any new laws brought into power, dissemination laws and guideline long stretches of opening, I. e. inside Ireland there is set opening times on a Sunday from 1-6. Monetary Before H&M settle on a move into a market they generally do an organized investigation to evaluate the business sectors potential. Numerous variables must be investigated here so as to decide the right choice. Components to consider incorporate the monetary development of the city. They should set up the city’s loan fees as significant levels may dissuade the speculation as a result of expenses and dissect expansion as it might incite higher compensation requests. They should likewise set up the requirement for work inside that territory. This is particularly significant in a downturn where organizations should be shrewd about their development choices. Overseeing Director of H&M, Rolf Erikson states; â€Å"H&M remains steadfast and we are concentrating on what's to come. The monetary circumstance is making extraordinary open doors that we are going to take, for instance regarding access to new alluring business areas and being

Celebrity Culture Essay Essay Example

Big name Culture Essay Example Big name Culture Essay Big name Culture Essay Big name human progress is perceived today as the advancement of specific people that have highlights which may or may non be dependable. yet, society positions as surpassing. Today’s stars do non really require to hold an honorable blessing or ideals to be known all through the universe. These graven pictures are presently ready to infer overall inclusion through regular renowned individual magazines and perceived broadcasting appears because of self-advancement or unscrupulous conduct. The popular individual human progress ever has and ever will hold an effect and impact on society. VIPs are constantly in the media and have become work hypothetical records for youngsters and youths. The pre-adult heads in the present coevals is going more digressed from envisioning the universe all in all and is progressively focussed on their ain â€Å"bubbles† where anything in that air pocket should straight partner and effect them. The most observable effect is on their situations towards excellence. sexualisation or sexual turn of events. what's more, health. Magnificence. in a run of the mill juvenile jargon. has been barely changed into a juvenile. even. skin-and-bone. tanned grown-up female or grown-up male laping to and fro their flawless hair and grinning their ideal dentitions. Advertisements having these well known people give a sentiment of â€Å"if you need life and happiness† resemble me and buy these stocks. Teenss are confounding that they are more than the measure of their possessions and wages. more than the measure of their visual angle and picture. what's more, more than the measure of their achievements and disappointments on account of what they are seeing and every other person is seeing through the media. Increasingly more of teenagers are being influenced by the sexualisation of misss orchestrating to mental health specialists. An examination on breaking down the impacts of for all intents and purposes each signifier of media from music wordss to video games demonstrated a result that juvenile misss are respecting the power per unit region of sexualisation by posting uncovered pictures of themselves on the internet or leting colleagues to take uncovered exposures of them. Moreover. insouciant acclaimed individual sex gives off an impression of being the standard among the youngster. As a result of an over-sexed society. juvenile misss can be found with mental self portrait and enthusiastic employments like nervousness and disgrace. furthermore, insufficiency of affirmation in and comfort with her ain natural structure. Sexualisation of misss effectsly affects girls’ capacity to build up a solid sexual mental self view. investigate proposes. VIPs do non only negatively affect the characters and articulations of fans. yet, other than in their wellbeing. There have been cases where big name has been utilized decidedly and to coordinate out a decent message yet there have been different cases in which well known people have put out a terrible picture. For delineation. the supplication of medication and intoxicant abuse has expanded thus have pictures of alcoholic well known people in magazines and broadcasting. Superstars have glamorized smoke in the media and are puting a representation for individuals everyplace that it is worthy to smoke. Stars ought to do it a yearning to shun from using medications and soaking up over the top entireties of spirits since it makes an impression on heroes that an existence of medications and intoxicant is an acceptable way to populate. Big names need to adjust the way they act and how they are seen. Their activities have a greater amount of an outcome on us such a significant number of individuals accept they have. Slim. enthusiastic popular people are modifying the way numerous youthful teenagers think and act. VIPs need to change these undesirable wonts now and perceive that they should be increasingly worried about themselves and with their representation in the media. Sadly. the intensity of who gets celebrated and what pictures are introduced is entirely in the authorities of the media.

Web Design Principles of Successful Websites

Web Design Principles of Successful Websites © Shutterstock.com | GeorgejmclittleIn this article, we will learn various web design principles to be considered to create a technically as well as visually good website. We will also learn the various elements that can help come up with an effective overall design. In order to do so, the article is divided into two parts: 1) a brief introduction to web design and 2) web design principles.A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO WEB DESIGNWhat is Web Design?Web design is a concept of planning, creating, and maintaining websites. The very process of using creativity to design and construct a website and updating it regularly to incorporate changes is also referred to as web designing. Besides the creation and updating, this concept also involves taking care of the user interface, the architecture of information present, the layout, the colors, content, navigation ergonomics, as well as the designs of the various icons. Some other areas in web design include search engine optimization, user experienc e designs, standardized codes, graphic design, as well as interface design.Web designing is a process that can be done by anyone who has the right knowledge of the various disciplines involved but is usually best handled by professionals known as web designers. The term ‘web design’ may also point to the visual aspect of a website but in truth it also overlaps with the process of web development in a more broad sense. The process not only includes front end designing but also the process of writing the markup.Basic elements of a good web designIn order to come up with a good web design and an effective visual and technical appeal of a website, there are some elements that must be incorporated. To know more about these elements, you can go through the following given points:Shape On most websites and webpages, the shapes used are squares or rectangular but they don’t necessarily have to be. Shapes are responsible for the creation of an enclosed boundary in the overall design, and you can experiment with any shape you seem suitable. It can either be a geometric shape or any other abstract shape that fits in the design.Texture Texture is one element that can help provide your website with a feeling of a surface beneath. There are several types of textures that you can incorporate, and some of them include natural textures and artificial textures. This element must be used in such a way that it brings out the content given on the website and makes it look more appealing.Direction Direction is the element of a web design which is responsible for lending it movement or motion. A good web design is one which automatically makes our eyes move from one corner or content of the website to another, according to relevance or hierarchy.Color Another basic element of a good website is the use of color. A black and white website may work for certain niches like photography websites, but it is always better to raise the appeal of a website using colors in a creative way. The colors are added in the later stage and not during the designing.WEB DESIGN PRINCIPLESWeb design is not only about how the website looks and feels but is also a lot about how it works and responds. When web designers work on a website, they incorporate not just those elements that add a visual appeal to it but also try to make it highly responsive, functional, quick and useful. In order to create a highly usable and effective website, designers follow certain principles that act as thumb rules or standard points to keep in mind. The following are the various principles of an effective web design:Web design principle #1.     Highly intuitive structureThe first law or principle of usability of a website says that a web page must have a highly intuitive structure and should be simple to understand so that users would not have to think which way to go. It must be self-explanatory in an obvious kind of way. Don’t let any question marks or queries come up and make the navigati on intuitive and simple. This helps to increase the usability of the website and also makes it much more engaging. The structure must be free from lots of cognitive load so that visitors don’t have to wonder how to move from point A to point B.Web design principle #2.     Visual hierarchyThe next principle that contributes to creating a successful and effective website is a visual hierarchy. Visual hierarchy is the order or sequence in which our eye moves and perceives the things it sees. When it comes to a web page, the visual hierarchy can be referred to the sequence in which our eye moves from one topic/content/block to another. When designing a web page, a designer first need to identify the order of importance of the various topics and then place them in such a way that the visitors first view what is most important and then move onto the others in a hierarchical manner.There are two ways to create a visual hierarchy, and they are given as follows:Size hierarchy As the name suggests, size hierarchy is the kind of hierarchy in which the most important content or image is of the largest size on a webpage, followed by the second most important content or image in the second largest size and so on. The distinction in sizes should be such that a visitor would view the items in the order of importance, and the pecking order of things is obvious.Content hierarchy Besides the hierarchy of size, which is one of the best ways to create the order of importance, another way you can incorporate this principle is by creating a hierarchy of content. You can place content in such a way that the human eye first travels to the content that is most important, for example, the business’s objective or purpose and then moves to the less important content blocks in a hierarchical order.Web design principle #3.     AccessibilityAnother highly important principle that must not be ignored when designing a web page or website is the accessibility of it. When a visitor enters the website, he/she must be able to access each bit of information in the easiest manner. This means that the text must be legible, the colors must not be harsh on the eyes and the background must not overpower the content, etc. To make the website accessible to everyone, you can follow some of the following points:Typefaces Make sure you select a font type and font size which is readable to all and is not too fancy for some to access or understand. For example, Fonts like Verdana, Times New Roman, Arial, etc. are simple fonts that almost everyone can easily read online. Similarly, the font size that works the best is 16 px but you can be a little flexible with it.Colors As far as the user experience is concerned, your color scheme and contrast must be well thought of and should be able to create visual harmony and balance. It is always better to choose contrasting colors for the background and written content so that it can be easily read. Choose a darker text color and a lighter background shade so that the result is easy to the eyes. Extra bright colors must be used sparingly.Images Do you know that the human mind perceives and processes images a lot faster than text? Well, it is thus a good idea to choose and place the right images on your web pages to communicate with the audiences in a better way. Make sure they are high-quality images and are suitable for your purpose.Web design principle #4.     Hick’s lawHick’s law states that ‘with every additional choice increases the time required to take a decision. This law does not only hold true for web design but also in a number of other situations and settings. For example, if you visit a restaurant and are provided with too many food items to pick from, you will take a longer time to take a decision. As far as web designing is concerned, the more options you offer to your visitors, the more difficult will the website become to use and browse through. This means that we need to reduce the number of choices in order to provide a better user experience. Distracting options have to be eliminated to aid increased sales and better overall profit.Hick’s law can also be translated to ‘More options mean less sales’ In order to incorporate this law without having to sacrifice giving all product or service options that you have, you can organize the products in a hierarchy with the main categories shown in the sidebar and all the products of that category in a separate list.Web design principle #5.     Fitt’s LawAnother law that acts as a major principle in web design is Fitt’s law. According to this law, the time needed to move to a target is dependent upon the size of the target as well as the distance to the target. This means that the larger the object or target and the closer it is in the distance, the easier would it be to move to it or reach it. This law can effectively be incorporated in web design and is something that can enhance your web design by leaps and bounds. However, this does not mean that the bigger, the better but means that usability factor of a target runs as a curve and not as a straight line. When you apply this law to your web design, then users may be more motivated and encouraged to press the button that you want them to press.If you want your website visitors to take actions like order a product, read about a service or click on something, then you must make sure that they can reach the ‘click here’ more easily and quickly. Thus, it is a good idea to consider this law and use it well.Web design principle #6.     Communication and contentEveryone who visits your website is looking for some or the other kind of information or content, and thus it is very important for you to communicate with them clearly and in an engaging manner. Your information must be compelling, easy to read and easy to process. Communication is not just about providing written information but also about offering images, infographics and another form o f media such as videos and audio pieces. Web design takes into consideration a concept called ‘Visible language’. According to this concept, visible language is the content people see on the screen and involves three fundamental principles. They are given as follows:Organize The first principle of visible language or effective communication is to provide the visitors of your website a clear and highly consistent layout or structure. Some important parts of the organization of concept include the layout involving the division of content, consistency, navigation, as well as visual appeal. In order to make your website communicate effectively, you need to organize and place your blocks of information in an easy to process manner.Economize This principle involves achieving more by utilizing less. This means that you must try to deliver the most information by taking helping of less visual elements. The design or layout must be free of clutter, should be simple and must have a high degree of clarity. It must throw emphasis on what is important and create distinctiveness between different elements.Communicate The user interface of the web design must be such that users are able to understand everything in the most convenient way. There must be a balance between readability, legibility, color, texture, and views.Besides this, the content given on the website must be appropriate, well written, and easy to understand and should be written keeping in mind the concept of search engine optimization. It is important that you adjust the style of writing according to the preference of the target audience and avoid promotional writing. The writing must pull visitors and must leave them intrigued and wanting for more. It must clearly spell out what you do and what you aim to achieve.Web design principle #7.     White space and simple designA simple design is an effective design. Complexity is just not something that a visitor wants to see on your web page, and one of th e most important aspects of a simple design is white space. White space is something that web designers must not be afraid of. White space not only helps to take the cognitive load off the website but also makes it easier for users to perceive the information provided on the website. White space helps to divide the web page into several distinct parts or areas which makes it simpler to process information. It is always better to have a whitespace solution to the problem of complex hierarchical structures. The following are some of the other things that can be considered as a part of a simple design:Grid-based layout To avoid a messy structure or appearance of the website, you must opt for a grid-based layout in which content is divided into columns, boxes, and different sections.F-pattern design It is a fact that the human eye scans screens in an ‘F’ pattern. Thus, it is a good idea to design a web page or website in a way that complements the natural reading behavior of the v isitors.Conventional designs Conventional designs are not always boring and rather work well as far as visitor response or likeability is concerned. They add a hint of trust, reliability as well as brand credibility.Web design principle #8.     Regular testingTest Early and Test Often or ‘TETO’ is another web design principle that all designers and website owners must consider. Conducting usability tests every now and then provide important results and insights into many kinds of problems and complications related to a website layout or aspects of design. What happens is that websites often tend to get into certain issues and by not testing them often, they may create issues that could be driving visitors away. Websites constantly need upgrades and updates so as to maintain the visitor footsteps and customer interest.The following are some points you must keep in mind to test your webpage or website:Testing one user at the beginning of a project is better than testing 50 users towards the end as it makes way for improvements that could prove important for driving traffic and increasing sales. Also solving errors during process is least expensive rather than later.Another point to be kept in mind is that testing is an iterative process which means that designers must first design, then test, then fix and then test again. There is a strong chance that there may be some problems that were not solved the first time because of diversion of attention to other major issues.

The Effects Of Public Safety On Our Nation On 9 / 11

Things that can interfere with public safety’s responding to a massive crisis like 9/11 No matter what the crisis is that will call for the response of individuals within the Public safety’s organization, someone will always find some m form of problem with how they responded to that crisis. One crisis that still bring up questions or debates as how the communication and the response affected our nation on 9/11. One would think that we could move away from that awful day, but it is still being judged, because of the loss of lives, the response time, property damage, and how the community was affected as well as the communities’ adjustment to life after that day. We can remove one of those question, because the communities will never be that same and they continuously fear another attack of their city. Life will never be the same after that day, and it â€Å"revealed that we lacked interoperable communication which severely hindered our response time and there was little cross discipline coordination, no framework in place to foster or create the ad hoc or ganization needed to respond to such a massive crisis† (Renaud, 2012, p. 2). Implemented to Assisting Public Safety Organization with Communication and Cooperation Since 9/11 our government has made some improvements by funding and integrating new and existing system to help with responding and communicating when there is a massive crisis. One of those systems that received funding is the Urban Area Security Initiative (UASI),Show MoreRelatedLand Of The Fearful Or Home Essay1523 Words   |  7 Pagesthe beginning of time to our modern- day society, atrocious beasts have emerged in several shapes and sizes. One common characteristic monsters possess is the ability to create and instill fear in the hearts and minds of its victims. 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Frank Gehrys First and Only Australian Project

Bbd post Free Essays

A Winning Process for Launching Your Engineering Career† by Dean C. Millard Course Topics include the Career Planning Process and Task/Project Planning: Understand Yourself Career Development and Choice Theories Interest and/or (Holland) Personality Assessments Understanding your personal values, skills, interests, and traits and their impact on career possibilities Values and ethics relating to career choices Your strengths and promoting your strengths (will be used for elevator speech) Explore Options Researching and Exploring Engineering Careers and Employment Options Use of career libraries and other resources for occupational and major choices Databases and other on-line resources Decision making about your career Informational and behavioral interviewing Interacting with Engineering Professional(s)/Faculty at Careers Discussion Take Action Marketing Yourself: â€Å"How can you make yourself stand out? Resume and cover letter design twittering skills Networking Internships Systems Engineering: Understand the systems/team approach to modern engineering design What skills and experiences during your undergraduate career will prepare you best for the reality of today’s workforce and its expectations? The role of graduate studies and how to assess the need, and undergraduate course selection implications. Leadership skill development an d experiential learning opportunities. We will write a custom essay sample on Bbd post or any similar topic only for you Order Now Entrepreneurship may be a goal. What strategies should you follow? The importance of excellent communication skills. Team functioning guidelines The course consists of mandatory lectures together with homework and class exercises that will allow you to tailor the material presented in class to make appropriate career choices and enhance your career development. Topics will be presented in a summary fashion during lectures and will be investigated in more detail through outside assignments and subsequent in- class presentations and discussion. Some readings may be at profession websites. The course blackboard website will be the primary method of distributing information, assignments, and class documents. One other note about the rouser website: Please be sure you are registered with your name exactly as you are registered in this course. And only use your official Cornell email as the email address when you sign in and log in each time. Also, send ALL emails only from your official Cornell gamma account, others will not be opened, including if they are a nickname or an alias. Please be sure to keep electronic (backup) copies of ALL the documents you turn in to this course until after you receive your final grade. If anything is lost along the way, you can then easily locate, and resubmit any missing comments for credit. You will also find your assessment results you AC aired in the course may be useful to you later in your career. Please keep these materials for your personal use once you finish our course! Course Grading: On-time class attendance, participation in in-class discussions, and satisfactory, on-time completion of course assignments will determine your final grade in this seminar course. This seminar only helps you make good career plans if you are a serious, motivated, and active participant. Opts. Will be earned for every lecture attended on time and only if attending or the entire class period. 10 Opts. Will be earned for each homework satisfactorily completed, typed, and submitted on time – in class. A 40% penalty will be assessed for all late materials turned in after they are due in class, up to one week late or for turning in an unsatisfactory submission which must b e redone. O Opts. Credit will be earned for homework turned in more than one week after the due date – although all assignments still must be completed satisfactorily and turned in to pass the course. Several homework assignments may be given higher weighting particularly he final project and these will be announced in class and on the assignment sheet posted on Blackboard. In addition, some assignments will be group- oriented. Absences from lecture will only be excused for official university reasons and for communicable diseases such as the flu when you should remain at home and take care of yourself. The official university reasons are illness and absence from campus on official university business, the later must be documented in writing. Proof of any missing work must be submitted prior to the final exam date, ND be of acceptable quality. Remember, any assignment turned in more than 1 week late will receive zero credit towards your grade, but the assignment must still be submitted in satisfactory form to complete the course. Final Letter Grading will be based on the percentage score out of the total possible as follows: AAA – 100 % – 89. 9 % ICC – 79. 9% D 60-69. 9% Below 60 % OR if missing or unsatisfactorily completed any required assignments #1. Tuesday, January 27th In class: Introduction/overview of course and course materials (â€Å"Ready for Takeoff’) How to cite Bbd post, Papers

Population Health and the Environment

Question: Discuss about the Population Health and the Environment? Answer: Methods of science and research used in the study of environmental health Scientific methods used for the study of environmental health include quantitative methods which include analysis based on mathematical-statistical models of numeric data as well as qualitative methods which comprise of analysis of texts, participatory approaches and interpretive procedures for comprehending. The first type of research on environmental health that is commonly observed is the health study of a community, which includes studying the environmental health hazards by directly investigating them. Scientists typically collaborate with epidemiologists in this type of a study. The main task of such researchers is hazard characterization, exposure quantification, as well as identification of deleterious effects on health. To a great extent, community collaboration is involved in this epidemiological research (Quigley et al. 2000). Some other techniques include focus groups, structured interviewing, policy analysis, content analysis of documents and media analysis. The effects of environmental hazards on health, including radiation, air particulates, high voltage lines and chemicals are studied by environmental epidemiology. Research in environmental justice includes measurement of class and discrepancies in diseases and in exposure to environmental hazards. Ways scientists and researchers evaluate the level of the danger environmental hazards have on population health Exposure to several chemicals from environmental sources such as water and air pollutants, cleaning products, pesticides and food additives is experienced by every individual on a daily basis. Most of of these chemicals are hazardous to human health; however ascertaining exposures as well as deciding the risk levels they pose is a meticulous procedure. Some contaminants have been confirmed to have injurious affects on a range of human organs, for example the respiratory or the reproductive systems, as well as cause impairment in certain vital functions such as the development of the foetus. On the basis of proof from various studies such as ecological, epidemiological and toxicological, health experts suppose a lot other chemicals that are probable hazards to individuals. Risk assessment is the method of setting up hazards to the environment as well as individuals from radiation, technologies, chemicals or other agents and contaminants which may influence welfare and health. Its a br anch of a broader method known as risk analysis that also involves policy development to risk management once they are recognized as well as measured. Assessments of exposures explain how regularly contact happens, its lasting time period, and its strength (which means how much the contaminant is concentrated), as well as the path by which they penetrate the body. Estimating delivered doses is central to exposure assessment as the delivered dose is the measurement most directly linked to expected damages due to exposure. The most general processes are by means of PBPK (Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic) models or measuring blood concentrations. This method replicates the course of time of the concentration of tissue that is contaminated in individuals by separating the body into a series of sections on the basis of how rapidly they absorb and discharge the matter. Values which have been recognized for respiration which is a physical function are used to determine how rapidly the chemical will pass from a body of an individual and the amount that will be accumulated, metabolized, and disposed at different phases. Environmental contaminants are the reason for a number of detrimental consequences besides cancer, for instance birth defects, toxicity, harm to other organs and physical systems and diminished function of the immune system. In case of non-carcinogens, researchers suppose that a threshold subsists less than which no detrimental effects are possible to arise in humans. NOAEL or no observable adverse effects level is firstly recognized by scientists to quantify these values, which is the maximum exposure amid all available observations at which no lethal result was seen. Subsequently the NOAEL is divided by one or more factors of uncertainty, that normally range from ten to thousand, on the basis of the data quality that was utilized to quantify the no observable adverse effects level and on how near it is to determined exposures to human. Various health risks found in the natural environment Environmental factors are a root reason of a considerable burden of disease, mainly in developing nations. An estimated twenty five percent of disease and death worldwide, and almost thirty five percent in areas for instance sub-Saharan Africa, is correlated to environmental risks. Some environmental factors such as unsafe drinking water, poor sanitation and hygiene, urban air pollutions, unintentional acute poisoning, climate change are among the numerous factors responsible for deterioration of human health. Threats can present themselves to us in an assortment of ways such as water, air. The affect these might have on the health of people is extremely complicated and a persons genetic makeup, psychological factors and our observations of the hazards that they portray might adjust it. Significant matters regarding physical perils consist of those concerning health effects of ionising radiation and electromagnetic radiation. If the occupational environment is excluded, then noise an d other physical perils might portray trouble to a number of occupants, as well as cause impairment of general comfort. Deafness is not usually caused due to environmental noise however prominent exemptions might involve "personal stereos" and loud discotheques. If tobacco smoking is seen as an environmental threat then it possibly stands for the sole largest recognized chemical danger to health that is airborne, if quantified in terms of rate of ill-health (from lung cancer, other lung disease for instance emphysema and chronic bronchitis, and heart disease, particularly, and of blood vessels and various body parts) or death. Non-smokers who are passively exposed to side stream smoke of tobacco, are severely affected as well. Other pollutants that arise due to excessive combustion of coal, liquid petroleum etc. cause asthma, bronchitis and various types of cancer. Incineration also leads to production of harmful substances like dioxins. Other source of environmental hazards is wate r. It might lead to leaching of lead from pipes particularly in the case of soft water. Neurological functions might be affected at relatively small but measurable level as suggested by epidemiological evidences, also these levels are generally considered acceptable but clearly arent (Agius, 2007). Many people living in the low-income strata face daily challenges including import of safe drinking water, food and other supplies and the proper excreta transport and other harmful waste products far from the settlement (Kjellstrom, 2007). The improper fashion in which these basic amenities are being provided tends to be a major cause of fatal diseases. Thus, problem-solving exercise including ethical analysis for decision-making in environmental health, action planning exercise, encouraging activities to classify, manage and avert environmental health issues comprising of recognizing impediments and resources are some of the ways through which environmental and the threats they pose can be countered. The role of U.S. government agencies in managing the incidence of infectious disease A continuing peril to all individuals all over the globe, regardless of gender, age, ethnic background, lifestyle or socioeconomic status is infectious diseases (Institute of Medicine). Suffering and death, along with severe financial burden are caused by these diseases. Even though modern advances for instance vaccines and antibiotics have helped in conquering a number of diseases, novel ones are emerging constantly (for example, Lyme disease and HIV/AIDS), while others recur in drug-resistant variety (for instance, tuberculosis and malaria). Preventing Emerging Infectious Diseases: A Strategy for the 21st Century (CDC) explains ways that can be implemented to move toward comprehending Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC's) image of a world in which people, societies as well as nations unite in a general attempt to battle present rising infectious diseases and avert the ones which might occur in the future. The quarantine program of CDC also coordinates with the U.S. Depa rtment of Agriculture (USDA), Department of Interior, FDA and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services to guarantee that other probable human disease carriers (animals and food) are appropriately handled. A framework of guidance for worldwide endeavours is the amended International Health Regulations (IHR 2005), an international agreement through which the member states of the WHO are legally bound that necessitates nations to form a lowest capacity stage to identify, measure, inform and account possible outburst and other crisis of public health as well as that plans the methods for accounting, examining, and reacting to these dangers at the global level. Additionally supervising the IHR and backing up its execution in nations globally, a central role is played by the WHO in case of outbreaks of disease. Other organizations with vital functions comprise the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE); as a number of EIDs originate in animals, FAO and the WTO; as safe practices of trade can a ssist in preventing and addressing outbursts. A new Global Health Security Agenda, was declared by the U.S. government in FEBRUARY, 2014, which is a 5-year (2014-2018) attempt to hasten development of a planet harmless and protected from hazards of diseases that are infectious, commenced in corporation with multilateral institutions, governments of other nations as well as private and public stakeholders. As echoed in the global and national health policy documents of the U.S., persistent engagement of U.S. in an attempt to diminish the danger and possible effects of emerging infectious diseases would be important for human health worldwide as well as to guard the security and comfort of American citizens in the country as well as overseas. To advance the preparedness of EID, the U.S. has further opportunities for the U.S which comprise of: abiding by the promises laid out in the Global Health Security Agenda, the U.S. global health investments being leveraged to further reinforce health systems, strengthening nation ownership of EID attempts by aiding nations to reach their IHR commitments, and advance the methods for technical and scientific co-operation among nations, chiefly in sight of difficulties and barriers that have delayed worldwide outburst exposure and reaction in the past. References: Agius, R. (2007). What effects can the Environment have on Health? Retrieved 20 January, 2016, from https://www.agius.com/hew/resource/introeh.htm CDC. Preventing emerging infectious diseases: a strategy for the 21st century. Atlanta, GA: CDC, in press. Institute of Medicine. (1992). Emerging infections: microbial threats to health in the United States. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Kjellstrom, T, Friel, S, Dixon, J, Corvalan, C, Rehfuess, E, Lendrum, D. C, Gore, F Bartram,J. (2007). Urban Environmental Health Hazards and Health Equity. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 84, 1, pp. 186-197. Quigley D, Handy D, Goble R, Sanchez V, George P. (2000). Participatory research strategies in nuclear risk management for native communities. J Health Commun 5:305-331. The Habitable Planet. Risk, Exposure, and Health. Retrieved on 20 January, 2016, from https://www.learner.org/courses/envsci/unit/pdfs/unit6.pdf The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. (2014).The U.S. Government Global Emerging Infectious Disease Preparedness and Response. Retrieved on 20 January, 2016 from https://kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-global-emerging-infectious-disease-preparedness-and-response/#footnote-92191-13 World Health Organization. (2016). Priority environment and health risks. Retrieved January, 19, 2016, from https://www.who.int/heli/risks/en/ Yassi A, Kjellstrom T, de Kok T, Guidotti TL. (2001). Basic Environmental Health. New York: Oxford University Press.

According to Freud, sexual desire is the drive behind everything. Death in Venice by Thomas Mann and The Moon and Sixpence by W. Somerset Maugham are no exceptions; both stories are fueled with it.

According to Freud, sexual desire is the drive behind everything. Death in Venice by Thomas Mann and The Moon and Sixpence by W. Somerset Maugham are no exceptions; both stories are fueled with it. Depression in Sexual RepressionAccording to Freud, sexual desire is the drive behind everything. "Death in Venice" by Thomas Mann and The Moon and Sixpence by W. Somerset Maugham are no exceptions; both stories are fueled with it. Aschenbach and Strickland spend the majority of their lives repressed. Aschenbach's life is based on strict schedules and discipline. Strickland lives a life in a society he doesn't enjoy. When they go against society and dip into their desires, they both become consumed by them. Restrained passion can lead to discord, as is the case in both of these protagonists.From childhood, Aschenbach in "Death in Venice" bases every action and thought on self-discipline and reason. Aschenbach bases his artistic talent on perfectionism and self-discipline. The first page of the novella describes him at work: "He was overwrought by a morning of hard, nerve-taxing work, which had not ceased to exact his uttermost in the way of sustained concentration, conscientiousness, and tact" (Mann 3) In Aschenbach's mind, excessive passion would impede his pursuit of excellence.The Moon and SixpenceA sex life would interfere with his art, so he is without one. He attributes every part of his success to his discipline and lack of sexuality: "Yes, one might put it that his whole career had been one conscious and overweening ascent to honor, which left in the rear all the misgivings or self-derogation which might have hampered him" (Mann 12). Aschenbach throws his discipline as well as his pursuit of excellence out the window on his trip to Venice. The man who begins with faultless discipline and restraint joins a class of people that he was previously disgusted by.Strickland in The Moon and Sixpence has a beginning that mirrors that of Aschenbach. He leads a normal life with a wife that is respected by...

Free Essays on Remedy

Those abhorrent conditions point to a blunder upon the part of those to whom we have entrusted the care of the health of the individual, the family and the race. The medical profession, neglecting the principle involved in preventive medicine, has permitted these conditions to come about. If they were unavoidable, we should have to bear with them, but they are not unavoidable, as shown by facts and figures from other countries where contraceptive information is available. 13 In Holland, for instance, where the information concerning contraceptives has been accessible to the people, through clinics and pamphlets, since 1881, the general death rate and the infant mortality rate have fallen until they are the lowest in Europe. Amsterdam and The Hague have the lowest infant mortality rates of any cities in the world. 14 It is good to know that the first of the birth-control clinics of Holland followed shortly after a thorough and enthusiastic discussion of the subject at an international medical congress in Amsterdam in 1878. The Dutch Neo-Malthusian League was founded in 1881. The first birth-control clinic in the world was opened in 1885 by Dr. Aletta Jacobs in Amsterdam. So great were the results obtained that there has been a remarkable increase in the wealth, stamina, stature and longevity of the people, as well as a gradual increase in the population. 15 These clinics must not be confused with the white enameled rooms which we associate with the term in America. They are ordinary offices with the necessary equipment, or rooms in the homes of the nurses, fitted out for the work. They are places for consultation and examination, opened by specially trained nurses who have been instructed by Dr. J. Rutgers, of The Hague, secretary of the Neo-Malthusian League, who has devoted his life to this work. There have been more than fifty nurses trained specially for this work by Dr. Rutgers. As a nurse completes her course of t... Free Essays on Remedy Free Essays on Remedy Those abhorrent conditions point to a blunder upon the part of those to whom we have entrusted the care of the health of the individual, the family and the race. The medical profession, neglecting the principle involved in preventive medicine, has permitted these conditions to come about. If they were unavoidable, we should have to bear with them, but they are not unavoidable, as shown by facts and figures from other countries where contraceptive information is available. 13 In Holland, for instance, where the information concerning contraceptives has been accessible to the people, through clinics and pamphlets, since 1881, the general death rate and the infant mortality rate have fallen until they are the lowest in Europe. Amsterdam and The Hague have the lowest infant mortality rates of any cities in the world. 14 It is good to know that the first of the birth-control clinics of Holland followed shortly after a thorough and enthusiastic discussion of the subject at an international medical congress in Amsterdam in 1878. The Dutch Neo-Malthusian League was founded in 1881. The first birth-control clinic in the world was opened in 1885 by Dr. Aletta Jacobs in Amsterdam. So great were the results obtained that there has been a remarkable increase in the wealth, stamina, stature and longevity of the people, as well as a gradual increase in the population. 15 These clinics must not be confused with the white enameled rooms which we associate with the term in America. They are ordinary offices with the necessary equipment, or rooms in the homes of the nurses, fitted out for the work. They are places for consultation and examination, opened by specially trained nurses who have been instructed by Dr. J. Rutgers, of The Hague, secretary of the Neo-Malthusian League, who has devoted his life to this work. There have been more than fifty nurses trained specially for this work by Dr. Rutgers. As a nurse completes her course of t...

International financial markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

International financial markets - Essay Example Meanwhile, the mispriced item will have appreciated at a rate higher than that of the portfolio. The arbitrageur could thus short sell the portfolio at the present price and use the amount obtained to purchase the mispriced item. At the end of the period, the arbitrageur will sell the mispriced item, purchase back the portfolio, and then keep the difference as his profit. In this context, the arbitrageur utilizes the interest rates difference between two countries to make risk free profit. By the use of a forward contract to eliminate the threat of exchange rates, the arbitrageur makes profit from the fact that interest rates difference does not always hold(TEALL,2013). According to economists, factors such as fluctuating frequencies of time series data and diverse aspects of assets contribute to changes in interest rates. An example of an investor exploiting such an arbitrage opportunity due to pricing forwards; The investor borrows 800,000 of currency Y @ 2% per annum. This implies that that by the end of year, he will be required to pay 816,000. Currency X offers a higher one-year interest and therefore the investor converts the 800,000 currency Y to X at a spot rate of 1.00. The investors lock in the 4% rate on the deposit of the 800,000X and concurrently enters into a forward contract which, converts the full maturity amount of the deposit,(832,000X) into currency Y at the one-year forward at a rate of Y=1.0125X. After one year, the investor settles the forward contract at the agreed rate (1.0125). The investor remains with 821,728Y and after repaying his 816,000Y loan, he remains with 5728Y as his profit. There may be various arbitrage opportunities according to the binomial pricing model. For instance, a situation where stock price is (ST )at time (T)and there are only two time periods; (T= 0 and T = 1). Starting stock

DisussionQuestions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

DisussionQuestions - Essay Example Obedience is an ability to follow commands of others. This can be illustrated by teenagers’ behavior of their leader who may tell them to jump off the bridge or try drugs. In case a teenager is obedient to his group leader, he would follow this path. Conformity is not always desirable as well. For example, at a workplace very often conformity may prevent an individual from a further career growth. On the one hand, once an individual rejects to conform, he may fall of the society. On the other hand, an individual’s ability to stay out of the crowd is his desire to become a leader. Thus if a company suggests to wear black ties, once an employee comes in a yellow tie he can be strictly criticized. But the matter is to reach high performance at a workplace and no matter what the color of his tie is. This is an example when conformity may be preventive for further performance in a company. I think that dress code turns employees into a mindless crow following others. In real ity, if a dress code is uncomfortable for employees, it is better to talk to CEO and explain to him that for the better performance people in a company should feel themselves comfortable. The same principle works in case children have to obey their parents and to enter the University chosen for them by their family.

Health Status of the Māori

Health Status of the MÄ ori Introduction MÄ ori are originated and settles from a Polynesia and then arrived in New Zealand with the several waves that called the canoe voyages in between1250 and 1300 CE. Over the period of centuries in the isolation the settlers Polynesian had developed the culture which is unique which became and known as the â€Å"Maori† and with the language of their own, a mythology which is rich performing arts and distinctive crafts. The MÄ ori groups formed tribal groups, this is the early MÄ ori which they performed, it is based on the eastern Polynesian organization and to the social groups. They introduced of using flourished plants as their horticulture and later to that it will be the prominent warrior culture will emerged. But in the arrival of the Europeans in New Zealand in the start of the 17th century they brought a very large change in the Maori in way of living in their lives. The Maori begin to adopt a different many aspects of the western society and the culture. It is a very large agreeable between the relations of the Europeans and MÄ ori, initially which in the year of 1940 the signing of the treaty of Waitangi, this two culture are coexisted and part of the new British colony. In the year 1860 there are some rise of tension over the disrupted land sales that were led to conflicts. Because of the epidemic disease that introduced in a social upheaval a decade of conflicts occur and it took a variety of toll on the MÄ ori population which came to such time a very dramatic decline, but in the 20th century the MÄ ori population begun to recover. The MÄ ori people were also known as themselves by their iwi (tribal). With the tribal groups which means the smaller family or the sub-tribes h apu were properly organized, the men in MÄ ori had a full tattoo in the face (moko), which the identity is reflected as well also the attributes such as bravery status and etc. the woman also have the tattoo but it’s in their lower lips and the chins which is represented both the lineage â€Å"whakapapa† and status. This kind of art in tattoo was very scary which is Tapu, as well as the MÄ ori’s aspect culture such as the building, curving and everything else. The settlements of the MÄ ori people where it is first held were around the harbours or the river mouths were the sea birds and fishes lived abundantly. The MÄ ori people used the both hunting and agriculture to sustain their needs, their biggest source of food was called the moa, this is a very large bird which is a flightless bird that goes how easy for them to hunt and easy target, but unfortunately because of their constant hunt with the bird, they have become extinct due to over hunting. Settlement and Treaty of Waitangi The treaty of Waitangi was originally made for a formal agreement for the British settlement and for the guarantee of the MÄ ori for protection interest; there re representative who signed the agreement one of this are the MÄ ori chiefs and the British crown, this happened back in the year 1840. That time the MÄ ori number was estimated only to 80,000, along with the settlers population of 2000. I signing the Waitangi treaty, it was facilitated by a large scale influx of the British migrants. When the year of 1858 comes there were a decline in the population of the MÄ ori and increase of numbers in settlers approximately 59000 in numbers. The settlers introduced the fire arms and the new infectious disease that cause the major impacts of death among the MÄ ori. The disruption of the MÄ ori’s food, supplies and economic base, social networks was far widespread, this not only occurred in the their land but to the extend to the legislation in many areas including the regulation of right of the MÄ ori and discrimination against the MÄ ori language that used in the school. The primary mechanism of the MÄ ori was the treaty of Waitangi this is to have their very own unique rights as an indigenous people the country of New Zealand. The treaty is intentionally tend to maintain and to protect the well-being of all the citizens and health implication relation to the good government and the notion participation and equity. The treaty of Waitangi was continued along with the growing MÄ ori self-determination. In tie come it has been argued that the continuing of the disparities of health among the non-MÄ ori and MÄ ori represent that the rights of the MÄ ori are not being protected. Maori Health Status In the MÄ ori population after reaching the low point in the year 1896 approximately about 4200, in subsequent years the MÄ ori was begun to increase. The government initiated a MÄ ori controlled health promotion programs and public health services and also they include the appointment of the MÄ ori health inspectors to work just within the MÄ ori communities Health Disparities There had been suggestion in the number of different explanation for the inequalities in the health between the Maori’s and non-Maoris. There is common suggestion which is the race because of the different genetic factors. However there are 85% of variations in genetic that occurs randomly and most of them are not related to race or the ethnicity. Although the genetic factors between MÄ ori and non-MÄ ori may contribute in different status, however in terms of public health they do not play a major role. Between the MÄ ori’s and non-MÄ ori’s in the explanation of the differences in health in nongenetic can be group in 4 major areas which focus on the socioeconomic factors, lifestyle factors, and to the healthcare and lastly the discrimination. Socioeconomic Factors There are number of studies that demonstrate the increase of mortality and morbidity with the increase of deprivation. Just for like an example, there are deprivation in New Zealand index that enables the level of assessment in the area of deprivation with the use of the census data. Furthermore the lower MÄ ori health status can be explained partially to relative socioeconomic disadvantage. It is shown that the MÄ ori mortality rates had been high persistently even though there is the control for the social class Lifestyle Factors One of the life style in MÄ ori that can affect their health is the smoking, and their diet is very excessive they have no control over their daily diet that’s why MÄ ori people are very obese, this are one of the mechanism that may affect their health status, furthermore MÄ ori also abusive in substance like alcohol they are abusive to their own health, however this kind of situation are monitored, there some surveys that shows the difference of health status between the MÄ ori and non-MÄ ori, it’s also shown that Tabaco smoking is one of the high rate for MÄ ori than the non-MÄ ori, this cause that the MÄ ori’s are very prone to hypertension. Access to Health Care In accessing the healthcare between the MÄ ori and non-MÄ ori are tend to have a disadvantages because in accessing to health care, MÄ ori and non-MÄ ori tend to be differ in terms of accessing the health needs both the primary and secondary health care services, and most likely the Maori’s are less referred to a surgical care and other special services, and given the disparities in the mortality. MÄ ori’s are less given the priority and levels in hospital care as well as the quality than the non-MÄ ori. Discrimination For the discrimination, there are certain roles which MÄ ori are also not being advocate by the health care provider. In just for example MÄ ori have asthma and they come to the hospital for treatment in case of entertaining them they are not properly cared and treated unless the asthma is absolutely necessary to be treated. The doctors towards the MÄ ori patients shows that there is a less advocate towards the MÄ ori patients for the preventive measures than the non-MÄ ori patients, unlike for the non-MÄ ori patients they are easily advice for any surgical treatment in terms of their certain disease. Health Environment In the year of 1930’s the healthcare system in New Zealand was created nationally, the medical attention at this year is free and its delivered by the salaried medical practitioners, but in time had passed, the system had been modified to be paid by as a government fee services in subsidy in secondary to care, the primary care is funded largely but also controlled by the individual doctors. Until the year of 1980s the situation remained unchanged. By the year of 1991 there are were a new major series health services were newly initiated including the public hospital which have a particular changes as well as their health services delivered and how the new funding were organized in the provision of the health care that enable the health practitioners to work. Primarily with the MÄ ori’s about their improving access to the health care services were undertaken both of the MÄ ori development of the cultural safety education and for the establishment to the MÄ ori in t heir health care provider services. Maori Health Care Providers In health care provider which is a MÄ ori made a very large role in way of advancing their health promotion and the disease controlled with the MÄ ori communities. This kind of scenario initiates only in the outside mainstream services which was being provided at that time and for this the government and also the funding availability was very vulnerable to change however this kind of matter led to the widening of gap in the inequality, mostly in the determination of health as income, employment, housing and education. There are differences in providing a health care and services from a MÄ ori and non-MÄ ori. Because in MÄ ori health care is they use of their own race to model the health and the promotion of a positive development of a MÄ ori as a primary health services. Maori health care provider also will make the basis on their findings through a cultural process in delivering a contemporary health services that able to support self sufficiency. The MÄ ori health care provider had increase in 1993 to 2004 and this number of MÄ ori health care provider faces a great number of difficulties, just for example a MÄ ori healthcare provider is caring for a patient but there is a lack of obtaining a primary health data, they are limited potential when it comes to provide a care and for some reason the MÄ ori health work force which is a very small organization had been quickly absorbed into a large growing MÄ ori provider organization. Maori Rights The treaty of Waitangi in MÄ ori are observe, there are certain rights of the MÄ ori that are missing, especially in their health services and to their health care provider, even though the children have the same rights with the non-MÄ ori people when it come to school benefits recognition of equity of bought party are not alike. Cultural Safety Education The cultural safety and education provide the history in New Zealand, this provide the information of the treaty of the Waitangi. It is also involve the framework of MÄ ori people and their culture. The nurses and midwifes and doctors as well as the midwives are taught to understand how Maori people are being understand, especially for the students which is in secondary of school are very prone in depression. This is because the MÄ ori’s have very small amount of self-esteem even if they are bullied its shows that they are easily being affected. Genetics and Disease For the genetics the MÄ ori people are originally big people or we could say the term obese and these are one problem that may cause their health and disease, because of excessive weight MÄ ori are prone to hypertension. Genetically MÄ ori’s are tending to have the life expectancy by 60-65; they don’t age to old in numbers because they are prone for depression even in their adolescence life. Study also shows that the indigenous people have the highest mortality rate than the non-indigenous people mostly this is indicated by the disease of end renal stage. Maori people during their mid age in their life are experiencing this disease and there were study shows that there is also an excess comorbidity most particularly in diabetes. Conclusion I therefore to conclude that the indigenous people in New Zealand and they have been evidence the very poor health status. The cultural and safety and for the MÄ ori provider organization for the education have been emerged that is not in isolation but rather than within the level of the government policies and it is shown whether it will be greatly promoted the health status of the indigenous people. I conclude that the MÄ ori people have the less priority when it becomes to the health needs of than the non-MÄ ori. Explanations shows that the lifestyle of MÄ ori are connected to their life expectancy because of their diet pattern which affect their health adding the substance on their lifestyle associated for being alcoholic and smokes tobacco. I here to conclude that the disparities’ in the health between the MÄ ori’s and the non-MÄ ori’s also been evident for all of the colonies in New Zealand, although there are some improvements I the past years which is past 140 years ago, this indicates that the gap in the life expectancy with the group is widened rather than narrowing. This also conclude that the treaty of Waitangi that not all MÄ ori requested to treat as an equity to both MÄ ori and non-MÄ ori are not totally recognized and implemented. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people#Origins http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1470538/

Why Do Employees at Firms Such as Apple Computer Work?

Case 01 Because of downsizing of apple computers survivors has no other option except working hard and long hours to protect their job. The management also has big role to change workers perception to work hard and long hours otherwise workers will stressed and withdrawal behavior may occur. As stated in the case, apple computer workers wearing the t-shirts that proclaim â€Å"90 hours a week and loving it! † is a kind of management actions will help to change their workers personality, perception and make positive attitude on working hard and long hours Also they provide mobile phones, pagers and computers to their workers for telecommuting.This will helps to balance their work- life balance. The motivation factors of the organization will be most important for retain the workers and encourage them to work hard and long hours in a effective manner with positive attitudes. Job satisfaction of the employees will happily contribute to the organization positively and effectively also, organizational commitment of the employees will play major role.If employees are well committed in to the organization, they will do their best to the organization in a happily and positively. As stated in the case, managements try to select the employees with personality to work long hours when requiting the new employees so they don’t need to do much to change employees attitudes to work around the clock since when they apply the job they are ready to work long hours. Nations Trust Bank in sri lanka also practiced downsizing during the Global economic recession in year 2009.They have terminated their temporary staff at counters in all branches to reduce their administrative cost so survived staff has to work hard and long hours to complete the usual process. Nations Trust Bank is normally operating 8 hours per day and 365 days per year. due to this downsizing front level managers also has to fill the counter work and finally they are stressed but they don’t hav e any other option since Nations Trust Bank having good image and value on banking sector in sri lanka and it’s a subsidiary of popular john keels group employees hesitate to switch their job.By understanding this by the top management at nations trust bank change some structural, process and behavioral changing strategies to keep their workers more positively and effectively. They also staff to ware t-shirts on holiday work they allow their employees to work on shift basis & flexible work arrangements. Also they provide outbound training and many other personality development training programs and Extrinsic motivations like salary increments.

The Rise of Christianity in the Roman Empire Essay

The story of Christianity’s rise to prominence is a remarkable one but also blurry one. As far as historical fact about the beginnings of Christianity that is. Many scholars point to the time around 4 BC as the most likely period for Christ’s birth, but that is also uncertain. Likewise the year of his death is not historically accurate or clearly established. It is thought to have taken place sometime around Ad 26 through AD 36. Christianity as a religion faced many years of persecution and punishments, sometimes even death. But, over the course of a few hundred years, despite all of this, the small persecuted religion of Christianity rose to become the dominant religion of the Roman Empire (Adler). Based off of historical texts Jesus of Nazareth was a very easy going laid back religious teacher and later a Jewish leader. Raised the earthly son of a carpenter, he did not come from high class society(Rise). He was just a normal, religious boy from next door to those who knew him growing up. It was only later that the Christians began to believe he was the Messiah, which is the human personification of God. Although there is little historical text about his early life more is known about his later years during his time as Messiah. He was clearly not one of the Jewish zealots who sought to overthrow and push out Roman rule in the land but, the Roman rulers did see him as a threat to security. It is known that Jesus did denounce the priests that Rome had appointed in charge of the religious sites of the Palestine(Lunn). This denouncement could have been perceived as an indirect threat to Roman rule by Jesus. This threat coupled with the fact that he was becoming known as the â€Å"King of the Jews† is why he was condemned and sentenced to death. The Roman leaders saw his death sentence as the closing of a chapter on a minor problem before it became a major nuisance and came back to bite them in the behinds. Therefore, it can be concluded that the crucifixion of Jesus of Nazareth was nothing more than a political decision based on political motivations(Paulgaard). Whatever the importance his death was to the Roman leaders is went hardly noticed by Roman historians. To them his death was no more important than a street beggars. It can be assumed that the Roman leaders who agreed to his crucifixion  thought that his teachings would die along with him or shortly thereafter(Lunn). They must have been furious when his very loyal and determined followers didn’t allow that to happen. One of their own Roman citizens, Paul (known as Saint Paul) proved to be the most effective in caring on spreading the word of God the way Jesus himself did. He was a devout follower of Jesus and believed that if Jesus was willing to die for the sins of mankind and for his beliefs then it all must be true. Saint Paul became well known for his missionary trips that took him from Palestine into the Roman Empire (Syria, Turkey, Greece, and Italy). He carried only his teachings of Jesus new religion with him and spread the word to the non-Jews(Lunn). Up to this point in history Christianity was only known as a small Jewish Sect. It was Paul who took this new religion and the story of Jesus the Messiah to the masses. Most of the biblical scriptures of the new testament were written after the death of Jesus so there would have been very few available to him to use. The actual outlines of his new religion of that day is relatively unknown so Paul’s teachings and preaching would have been on the general ideas of Jesus and his ideas of Christianity such as the firsthand knowledge Jesus said he had of his holy father being the one and only God. It was Christianity’s insistence of one all-knowing and all-powerful God and others teachings like it that led to the Roman’s feeling threatened. Roman authorities waited for quite some time before deciding how to best approach and deal with this new religion. In the mean time, Paul and others like him were picking up so many followers so fast that the Roman leaders began to think of Christianity as a cult(Paulgaard). The Roman Empire had for so long kept it guaranteed religious peace due to the principles of religious toleration most of all Christianity was in direct defiance of the â€Å"official state religion of the empire.† To top it all of Christians refused to perform Caesar worship, which was required of all citizens of the Roman Empire, and this more than anything else proved of the Christians disloyalty to their Roman rulers. Finally, in AD 64 Roman authorities got an answer to the question of what to with the followers of Jesus and Christianity ,when Nero’s bloody repression led to the persecution of the Christians(Rise). This repression ,though rash and short lived, was a significant historical  event. After the repression and upon learning of the Christians refusal to perform Cesar worship, the Roman emperor Domitian sent investigators to Galilee to questions the family of Jesus. They released all they questioned without charging them but just the fact that the Roman Emperor had taken interest in this small Jewish sect proved that Christianity was no longer merely just a small Jewish sect but a force to be reckoned with. It was towards the end of the 1st century that Christians finally severed all ties with Judaism and established themselves as their own religion(World). They were Christians and they were independent of all other religions. After the separation Roman authorities no longer had them on radar. They didn’t know who Christians were independent from Judaism. The fact that Christianity was now unknown to the Roman Empire led to all kinds of rumors about this new sect. There were all kinds of rumors that Christians were performing all kinds of secret rituals such as child sacrifice, incest and even cannibalism. This led to major bad publicity ,so to speak, for Christians. During the 2nd century AD Christians were once again persecuted for their beliefs. The biggest reason this time was because Christianity did not allow their members to give the statutory reverence to the images of the gods and of the emperor. Their gatherings then became considered a civil disobedience and a transgression against the edict of Trajan. The edict of Trajan forbade meetings of secret societies and since the roman authorities considered Christianity a cult, that was a secret society(Lunn). The next serious persecutions were those under the rule of Marcus Aurelius. This period defined the Christians understanding of martyrdom. Following a period of widespread toleration of the Christians by the roman authorities after the persecution by Marcus Aurelis, Diocletian enacted what was to become the greatest persecution of Christians under Roman rule. He and Caesar Galerius launched a purge against the sect. They saw the Christians as becoming far too powerful and so in turn to dangerous. AD 312 marked the beginning of a new era in the history of Christianity under Roman rule. Emperor Constantine had a vision of the sign of Christ in a dream on the eve of a battle with his rival emperor Maxentius. The vision told him that he was to have the symbol inscribed on his helmet so he did.  He also ordered all of his bodyguard to paint in on their shields. After his victory in battle he declared that he owed his victory to the God of Christians. Constantine already had a tolerant attitude of the Christians that he had gotten from his father but before that night he had never indicated that he would be on their side(Paulgaard). His vision changed the fate of Christianity for good. Constantine secured religious toleration towards Christians all over the empire. It was in AD 324 that he defeated his last rival emperor and his final religious restraint disappeared that he became the first Christian emperor that ruled over the entire empire. He saw to the construction of many gr eat churches and great monuments to Christianity. He also became openly hostile toward the pagans and sought out to confiscate their treasures. The items confiscated were later given to the Christian Churches. Citizens of the Roman empire never really were even given time to work into Christianity, they were just kind of shocked into it by Constantine saying I am ruler and what I say goes. Following Constantine as ruler was Julian. When he took the throne he immediately renounced Christianity but could do little to change it as Christianity by then dominated the religious make-up of the empire. After years of trying to establish what was and was not part of the Christian religion in was the emperor Theodosius in AD 380 that took the final step and made Christianity the official religion of the state(Lunn). There were ups and downs for Christianity in the Roman Empire following the decision to make it the official religion, but no matter who argued against it, the fact was that Christianity was there to stay. The road for Christianity from a small Jewish sect to the official religion of the Roman Empire was a long and deadly one paved with the loves of many a Christian, starting with the life of Jesus of Nazareth. Jesus start out with the goal of spreading the news that there was only one God and that he was a loving, forgiving, and faithful God. Roman authorities from first learning of Christianity, sought to destroy it. They wanted no part of a cult that didn’t bend to their will because they could not control them. Many Roman’s thought that by threatening and then following through with killing Christians, they would renounce their faith in their God. But, they didn’t. It took a very long time and many, many deaths and persecutions for one  Roman emperor to stand on the side of the Christians. Had it not been for Constantine and his vision, Chrisitanity may not have gotten to where it is today. It is not only to official Roman Empire’s religion it has beco me the most well known and most practiced religion among the western world to date. And it all leads back to one man who died on the cross for my sins. Bibliography 1. Adler, Philip J., Pouwels, Randall L. World Cvilizations. 6th ed. copyright 2012,2008 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. pgs 138-142 2. The Rise of Christianity. Purdue Online. Purdue.Edu.com April 22,2014 3. Lunn-Rockliffe, Dr. Sophie. Christianity and the Roman Empire. BBC History Ancient History in depth. pub.2011-02-17. Online. April 24,2014. 4. Paulgaard, James. The Expansion of Christianity in the Roman Empire. University of Saskatcewan.1 April 1999. Worldpress.com April 22, 2014.

How the United States Government Has Changed - 1030 Words

Since the fight for liberty from Europe, the political system of the United States had change for good. The United States had made improvement in their government structure to make the country a better place. The country has being affected in many different ways since the departure from the mother country. Due to the liberty the American people wanted, they had to make a government that could lead them to a better country than the mother country. The American people had being making many improvements to the government to make a strong self-governed country. The country had had some advantages and disadvantages that lead the country to the government what is today. The political history of Unites States from constitutional convention to†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the along the way of reshaping the government system society was changing the status of African American people in the U.S with the anti-slavery foundations. In the new politic system of the United States the women’s rights were coming to surface. In the reshaping of the government system and the advances that the country was having, the status of the women were as well changing from 1850-1846. Some women had the opportunity for education and other had more participation in religion. For instance, Women played an increasing role in public education during the reform era. Catharine Beecher, a sister of Harriet Beecher Stowe, encouraged women to enter the teaching profession because their natural role suited them to the care and nurturing of children. Women were very active during the reform of humanitarian reforms they were more active than ever. For instance, the spirit of reform was prevalent in the field of womens rights. Many women played a central role in a wide range of historical moral crusades. 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