According to Freud, sexual desire is the drive behind everything. Death in Venice by Thomas Mann and The Moon and Sixpence by W. Somerset Maugham are no exceptions; both stories are fueled with it.

According to Freud, sexual desire is the drive behind everything. Death in Venice by Thomas Mann and The Moon and Sixpence by W. Somerset Maugham are no exceptions; both stories are fueled with it. Depression in Sexual RepressionAccording to Freud, sexual desire is the drive behind everything. "Death in Venice" by Thomas Mann and The Moon and Sixpence by W. Somerset Maugham are no exceptions; both stories are fueled with it. Aschenbach and Strickland spend the majority of their lives repressed. Aschenbach's life is based on strict schedules and discipline. Strickland lives a life in a society he doesn't enjoy. When they go against society and dip into their desires, they both become consumed by them. Restrained passion can lead to discord, as is the case in both of these protagonists.From childhood, Aschenbach in "Death in Venice" bases every action and thought on self-discipline and reason. Aschenbach bases his artistic talent on perfectionism and self-discipline. The first page of the novella describes him at work: "He was overwrought by a morning of hard, nerve-taxing work, which had not ceased to exact his uttermost in the way of sustained concentration, conscientiousness, and tact" (Mann 3) In Aschenbach's mind, excessive passion would impede his pursuit of excellence.The Moon and SixpenceA sex life would interfere with his art, so he is without one. He attributes every part of his success to his discipline and lack of sexuality: "Yes, one might put it that his whole career had been one conscious and overweening ascent to honor, which left in the rear all the misgivings or self-derogation which might have hampered him" (Mann 12). Aschenbach throws his discipline as well as his pursuit of excellence out the window on his trip to Venice. The man who begins with faultless discipline and restraint joins a class of people that he was previously disgusted by.Strickland in The Moon and Sixpence has a beginning that mirrors that of Aschenbach. He leads a normal life with a wife that is respected by...

Free Essays on Remedy

Those abhorrent conditions point to a blunder upon the part of those to whom we have entrusted the care of the health of the individual, the family and the race. The medical profession, neglecting the principle involved in preventive medicine, has permitted these conditions to come about. If they were unavoidable, we should have to bear with them, but they are not unavoidable, as shown by facts and figures from other countries where contraceptive information is available. 13 In Holland, for instance, where the information concerning contraceptives has been accessible to the people, through clinics and pamphlets, since 1881, the general death rate and the infant mortality rate have fallen until they are the lowest in Europe. Amsterdam and The Hague have the lowest infant mortality rates of any cities in the world. 14 It is good to know that the first of the birth-control clinics of Holland followed shortly after a thorough and enthusiastic discussion of the subject at an international medical congress in Amsterdam in 1878. The Dutch Neo-Malthusian League was founded in 1881. The first birth-control clinic in the world was opened in 1885 by Dr. Aletta Jacobs in Amsterdam. So great were the results obtained that there has been a remarkable increase in the wealth, stamina, stature and longevity of the people, as well as a gradual increase in the population. 15 These clinics must not be confused with the white enameled rooms which we associate with the term in America. They are ordinary offices with the necessary equipment, or rooms in the homes of the nurses, fitted out for the work. They are places for consultation and examination, opened by specially trained nurses who have been instructed by Dr. J. Rutgers, of The Hague, secretary of the Neo-Malthusian League, who has devoted his life to this work. There have been more than fifty nurses trained specially for this work by Dr. Rutgers. As a nurse completes her course of t... Free Essays on Remedy Free Essays on Remedy Those abhorrent conditions point to a blunder upon the part of those to whom we have entrusted the care of the health of the individual, the family and the race. The medical profession, neglecting the principle involved in preventive medicine, has permitted these conditions to come about. If they were unavoidable, we should have to bear with them, but they are not unavoidable, as shown by facts and figures from other countries where contraceptive information is available. 13 In Holland, for instance, where the information concerning contraceptives has been accessible to the people, through clinics and pamphlets, since 1881, the general death rate and the infant mortality rate have fallen until they are the lowest in Europe. Amsterdam and The Hague have the lowest infant mortality rates of any cities in the world. 14 It is good to know that the first of the birth-control clinics of Holland followed shortly after a thorough and enthusiastic discussion of the subject at an international medical congress in Amsterdam in 1878. The Dutch Neo-Malthusian League was founded in 1881. The first birth-control clinic in the world was opened in 1885 by Dr. Aletta Jacobs in Amsterdam. So great were the results obtained that there has been a remarkable increase in the wealth, stamina, stature and longevity of the people, as well as a gradual increase in the population. 15 These clinics must not be confused with the white enameled rooms which we associate with the term in America. They are ordinary offices with the necessary equipment, or rooms in the homes of the nurses, fitted out for the work. They are places for consultation and examination, opened by specially trained nurses who have been instructed by Dr. J. Rutgers, of The Hague, secretary of the Neo-Malthusian League, who has devoted his life to this work. There have been more than fifty nurses trained specially for this work by Dr. Rutgers. As a nurse completes her course of t...

International financial markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

International financial markets - Essay Example Meanwhile, the mispriced item will have appreciated at a rate higher than that of the portfolio. The arbitrageur could thus short sell the portfolio at the present price and use the amount obtained to purchase the mispriced item. At the end of the period, the arbitrageur will sell the mispriced item, purchase back the portfolio, and then keep the difference as his profit. In this context, the arbitrageur utilizes the interest rates difference between two countries to make risk free profit. By the use of a forward contract to eliminate the threat of exchange rates, the arbitrageur makes profit from the fact that interest rates difference does not always hold(TEALL,2013). According to economists, factors such as fluctuating frequencies of time series data and diverse aspects of assets contribute to changes in interest rates. An example of an investor exploiting such an arbitrage opportunity due to pricing forwards; The investor borrows 800,000 of currency Y @ 2% per annum. This implies that that by the end of year, he will be required to pay 816,000. Currency X offers a higher one-year interest and therefore the investor converts the 800,000 currency Y to X at a spot rate of 1.00. The investors lock in the 4% rate on the deposit of the 800,000X and concurrently enters into a forward contract which, converts the full maturity amount of the deposit,(832,000X) into currency Y at the one-year forward at a rate of Y=1.0125X. After one year, the investor settles the forward contract at the agreed rate (1.0125). The investor remains with 821,728Y and after repaying his 816,000Y loan, he remains with 5728Y as his profit. There may be various arbitrage opportunities according to the binomial pricing model. For instance, a situation where stock price is (ST )at time (T)and there are only two time periods; (T= 0 and T = 1). Starting stock

DisussionQuestions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

DisussionQuestions - Essay Example Obedience is an ability to follow commands of others. This can be illustrated by teenagers’ behavior of their leader who may tell them to jump off the bridge or try drugs. In case a teenager is obedient to his group leader, he would follow this path. Conformity is not always desirable as well. For example, at a workplace very often conformity may prevent an individual from a further career growth. On the one hand, once an individual rejects to conform, he may fall of the society. On the other hand, an individual’s ability to stay out of the crowd is his desire to become a leader. Thus if a company suggests to wear black ties, once an employee comes in a yellow tie he can be strictly criticized. But the matter is to reach high performance at a workplace and no matter what the color of his tie is. This is an example when conformity may be preventive for further performance in a company. I think that dress code turns employees into a mindless crow following others. In real ity, if a dress code is uncomfortable for employees, it is better to talk to CEO and explain to him that for the better performance people in a company should feel themselves comfortable. The same principle works in case children have to obey their parents and to enter the University chosen for them by their family.

Health Status of the Māori

Health Status of the MÄ ori Introduction MÄ ori are originated and settles from a Polynesia and then arrived in New Zealand with the several waves that called the canoe voyages in between1250 and 1300 CE. Over the period of centuries in the isolation the settlers Polynesian had developed the culture which is unique which became and known as the â€Å"Maori† and with the language of their own, a mythology which is rich performing arts and distinctive crafts. The MÄ ori groups formed tribal groups, this is the early MÄ ori which they performed, it is based on the eastern Polynesian organization and to the social groups. They introduced of using flourished plants as their horticulture and later to that it will be the prominent warrior culture will emerged. But in the arrival of the Europeans in New Zealand in the start of the 17th century they brought a very large change in the Maori in way of living in their lives. The Maori begin to adopt a different many aspects of the western society and the culture. It is a very large agreeable between the relations of the Europeans and MÄ ori, initially which in the year of 1940 the signing of the treaty of Waitangi, this two culture are coexisted and part of the new British colony. In the year 1860 there are some rise of tension over the disrupted land sales that were led to conflicts. Because of the epidemic disease that introduced in a social upheaval a decade of conflicts occur and it took a variety of toll on the MÄ ori population which came to such time a very dramatic decline, but in the 20th century the MÄ ori population begun to recover. The MÄ ori people were also known as themselves by their iwi (tribal). With the tribal groups which means the smaller family or the sub-tribes h apu were properly organized, the men in MÄ ori had a full tattoo in the face (moko), which the identity is reflected as well also the attributes such as bravery status and etc. the woman also have the tattoo but it’s in their lower lips and the chins which is represented both the lineage â€Å"whakapapa† and status. This kind of art in tattoo was very scary which is Tapu, as well as the MÄ ori’s aspect culture such as the building, curving and everything else. The settlements of the MÄ ori people where it is first held were around the harbours or the river mouths were the sea birds and fishes lived abundantly. The MÄ ori people used the both hunting and agriculture to sustain their needs, their biggest source of food was called the moa, this is a very large bird which is a flightless bird that goes how easy for them to hunt and easy target, but unfortunately because of their constant hunt with the bird, they have become extinct due to over hunting. Settlement and Treaty of Waitangi The treaty of Waitangi was originally made for a formal agreement for the British settlement and for the guarantee of the MÄ ori for protection interest; there re representative who signed the agreement one of this are the MÄ ori chiefs and the British crown, this happened back in the year 1840. That time the MÄ ori number was estimated only to 80,000, along with the settlers population of 2000. I signing the Waitangi treaty, it was facilitated by a large scale influx of the British migrants. When the year of 1858 comes there were a decline in the population of the MÄ ori and increase of numbers in settlers approximately 59000 in numbers. The settlers introduced the fire arms and the new infectious disease that cause the major impacts of death among the MÄ ori. The disruption of the MÄ ori’s food, supplies and economic base, social networks was far widespread, this not only occurred in the their land but to the extend to the legislation in many areas including the regulation of right of the MÄ ori and discrimination against the MÄ ori language that used in the school. The primary mechanism of the MÄ ori was the treaty of Waitangi this is to have their very own unique rights as an indigenous people the country of New Zealand. The treaty is intentionally tend to maintain and to protect the well-being of all the citizens and health implication relation to the good government and the notion participation and equity. The treaty of Waitangi was continued along with the growing MÄ ori self-determination. In tie come it has been argued that the continuing of the disparities of health among the non-MÄ ori and MÄ ori represent that the rights of the MÄ ori are not being protected. Maori Health Status In the MÄ ori population after reaching the low point in the year 1896 approximately about 4200, in subsequent years the MÄ ori was begun to increase. The government initiated a MÄ ori controlled health promotion programs and public health services and also they include the appointment of the MÄ ori health inspectors to work just within the MÄ ori communities Health Disparities There had been suggestion in the number of different explanation for the inequalities in the health between the Maori’s and non-Maoris. There is common suggestion which is the race because of the different genetic factors. However there are 85% of variations in genetic that occurs randomly and most of them are not related to race or the ethnicity. Although the genetic factors between MÄ ori and non-MÄ ori may contribute in different status, however in terms of public health they do not play a major role. Between the MÄ ori’s and non-MÄ ori’s in the explanation of the differences in health in nongenetic can be group in 4 major areas which focus on the socioeconomic factors, lifestyle factors, and to the healthcare and lastly the discrimination. Socioeconomic Factors There are number of studies that demonstrate the increase of mortality and morbidity with the increase of deprivation. Just for like an example, there are deprivation in New Zealand index that enables the level of assessment in the area of deprivation with the use of the census data. Furthermore the lower MÄ ori health status can be explained partially to relative socioeconomic disadvantage. It is shown that the MÄ ori mortality rates had been high persistently even though there is the control for the social class Lifestyle Factors One of the life style in MÄ ori that can affect their health is the smoking, and their diet is very excessive they have no control over their daily diet that’s why MÄ ori people are very obese, this are one of the mechanism that may affect their health status, furthermore MÄ ori also abusive in substance like alcohol they are abusive to their own health, however this kind of situation are monitored, there some surveys that shows the difference of health status between the MÄ ori and non-MÄ ori, it’s also shown that Tabaco smoking is one of the high rate for MÄ ori than the non-MÄ ori, this cause that the MÄ ori’s are very prone to hypertension. Access to Health Care In accessing the healthcare between the MÄ ori and non-MÄ ori are tend to have a disadvantages because in accessing to health care, MÄ ori and non-MÄ ori tend to be differ in terms of accessing the health needs both the primary and secondary health care services, and most likely the Maori’s are less referred to a surgical care and other special services, and given the disparities in the mortality. MÄ ori’s are less given the priority and levels in hospital care as well as the quality than the non-MÄ ori. Discrimination For the discrimination, there are certain roles which MÄ ori are also not being advocate by the health care provider. In just for example MÄ ori have asthma and they come to the hospital for treatment in case of entertaining them they are not properly cared and treated unless the asthma is absolutely necessary to be treated. The doctors towards the MÄ ori patients shows that there is a less advocate towards the MÄ ori patients for the preventive measures than the non-MÄ ori patients, unlike for the non-MÄ ori patients they are easily advice for any surgical treatment in terms of their certain disease. Health Environment In the year of 1930’s the healthcare system in New Zealand was created nationally, the medical attention at this year is free and its delivered by the salaried medical practitioners, but in time had passed, the system had been modified to be paid by as a government fee services in subsidy in secondary to care, the primary care is funded largely but also controlled by the individual doctors. Until the year of 1980s the situation remained unchanged. By the year of 1991 there are were a new major series health services were newly initiated including the public hospital which have a particular changes as well as their health services delivered and how the new funding were organized in the provision of the health care that enable the health practitioners to work. Primarily with the MÄ ori’s about their improving access to the health care services were undertaken both of the MÄ ori development of the cultural safety education and for the establishment to the MÄ ori in t heir health care provider services. Maori Health Care Providers In health care provider which is a MÄ ori made a very large role in way of advancing their health promotion and the disease controlled with the MÄ ori communities. This kind of scenario initiates only in the outside mainstream services which was being provided at that time and for this the government and also the funding availability was very vulnerable to change however this kind of matter led to the widening of gap in the inequality, mostly in the determination of health as income, employment, housing and education. There are differences in providing a health care and services from a MÄ ori and non-MÄ ori. Because in MÄ ori health care is they use of their own race to model the health and the promotion of a positive development of a MÄ ori as a primary health services. Maori health care provider also will make the basis on their findings through a cultural process in delivering a contemporary health services that able to support self sufficiency. The MÄ ori health care provider had increase in 1993 to 2004 and this number of MÄ ori health care provider faces a great number of difficulties, just for example a MÄ ori healthcare provider is caring for a patient but there is a lack of obtaining a primary health data, they are limited potential when it comes to provide a care and for some reason the MÄ ori health work force which is a very small organization had been quickly absorbed into a large growing MÄ ori provider organization. Maori Rights The treaty of Waitangi in MÄ ori are observe, there are certain rights of the MÄ ori that are missing, especially in their health services and to their health care provider, even though the children have the same rights with the non-MÄ ori people when it come to school benefits recognition of equity of bought party are not alike. Cultural Safety Education The cultural safety and education provide the history in New Zealand, this provide the information of the treaty of the Waitangi. It is also involve the framework of MÄ ori people and their culture. The nurses and midwifes and doctors as well as the midwives are taught to understand how Maori people are being understand, especially for the students which is in secondary of school are very prone in depression. This is because the MÄ ori’s have very small amount of self-esteem even if they are bullied its shows that they are easily being affected. Genetics and Disease For the genetics the MÄ ori people are originally big people or we could say the term obese and these are one problem that may cause their health and disease, because of excessive weight MÄ ori are prone to hypertension. Genetically MÄ ori’s are tending to have the life expectancy by 60-65; they don’t age to old in numbers because they are prone for depression even in their adolescence life. Study also shows that the indigenous people have the highest mortality rate than the non-indigenous people mostly this is indicated by the disease of end renal stage. Maori people during their mid age in their life are experiencing this disease and there were study shows that there is also an excess comorbidity most particularly in diabetes. Conclusion I therefore to conclude that the indigenous people in New Zealand and they have been evidence the very poor health status. The cultural and safety and for the MÄ ori provider organization for the education have been emerged that is not in isolation but rather than within the level of the government policies and it is shown whether it will be greatly promoted the health status of the indigenous people. I conclude that the MÄ ori people have the less priority when it becomes to the health needs of than the non-MÄ ori. Explanations shows that the lifestyle of MÄ ori are connected to their life expectancy because of their diet pattern which affect their health adding the substance on their lifestyle associated for being alcoholic and smokes tobacco. I here to conclude that the disparities’ in the health between the MÄ ori’s and the non-MÄ ori’s also been evident for all of the colonies in New Zealand, although there are some improvements I the past years which is past 140 years ago, this indicates that the gap in the life expectancy with the group is widened rather than narrowing. This also conclude that the treaty of Waitangi that not all MÄ ori requested to treat as an equity to both MÄ ori and non-MÄ ori are not totally recognized and implemented. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people#Origins http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1470538/

Why Do Employees at Firms Such as Apple Computer Work?

Case 01 Because of downsizing of apple computers survivors has no other option except working hard and long hours to protect their job. The management also has big role to change workers perception to work hard and long hours otherwise workers will stressed and withdrawal behavior may occur. As stated in the case, apple computer workers wearing the t-shirts that proclaim â€Å"90 hours a week and loving it! † is a kind of management actions will help to change their workers personality, perception and make positive attitude on working hard and long hours Also they provide mobile phones, pagers and computers to their workers for telecommuting.This will helps to balance their work- life balance. The motivation factors of the organization will be most important for retain the workers and encourage them to work hard and long hours in a effective manner with positive attitudes. Job satisfaction of the employees will happily contribute to the organization positively and effectively also, organizational commitment of the employees will play major role.If employees are well committed in to the organization, they will do their best to the organization in a happily and positively. As stated in the case, managements try to select the employees with personality to work long hours when requiting the new employees so they don’t need to do much to change employees attitudes to work around the clock since when they apply the job they are ready to work long hours. Nations Trust Bank in sri lanka also practiced downsizing during the Global economic recession in year 2009.They have terminated their temporary staff at counters in all branches to reduce their administrative cost so survived staff has to work hard and long hours to complete the usual process. Nations Trust Bank is normally operating 8 hours per day and 365 days per year. due to this downsizing front level managers also has to fill the counter work and finally they are stressed but they don’t hav e any other option since Nations Trust Bank having good image and value on banking sector in sri lanka and it’s a subsidiary of popular john keels group employees hesitate to switch their job.By understanding this by the top management at nations trust bank change some structural, process and behavioral changing strategies to keep their workers more positively and effectively. They also staff to ware t-shirts on holiday work they allow their employees to work on shift basis & flexible work arrangements. Also they provide outbound training and many other personality development training programs and Extrinsic motivations like salary increments.

The Rise of Christianity in the Roman Empire Essay

The story of Christianity’s rise to prominence is a remarkable one but also blurry one. As far as historical fact about the beginnings of Christianity that is. Many scholars point to the time around 4 BC as the most likely period for Christ’s birth, but that is also uncertain. Likewise the year of his death is not historically accurate or clearly established. It is thought to have taken place sometime around Ad 26 through AD 36. Christianity as a religion faced many years of persecution and punishments, sometimes even death. But, over the course of a few hundred years, despite all of this, the small persecuted religion of Christianity rose to become the dominant religion of the Roman Empire (Adler). Based off of historical texts Jesus of Nazareth was a very easy going laid back religious teacher and later a Jewish leader. Raised the earthly son of a carpenter, he did not come from high class society(Rise). He was just a normal, religious boy from next door to those who knew him growing up. It was only later that the Christians began to believe he was the Messiah, which is the human personification of God. Although there is little historical text about his early life more is known about his later years during his time as Messiah. He was clearly not one of the Jewish zealots who sought to overthrow and push out Roman rule in the land but, the Roman rulers did see him as a threat to security. It is known that Jesus did denounce the priests that Rome had appointed in charge of the religious sites of the Palestine(Lunn). This denouncement could have been perceived as an indirect threat to Roman rule by Jesus. This threat coupled with the fact that he was becoming known as the â€Å"King of the Jews† is why he was condemned and sentenced to death. The Roman leaders saw his death sentence as the closing of a chapter on a minor problem before it became a major nuisance and came back to bite them in the behinds. Therefore, it can be concluded that the crucifixion of Jesus of Nazareth was nothing more than a political decision based on political motivations(Paulgaard). Whatever the importance his death was to the Roman leaders is went hardly noticed by Roman historians. To them his death was no more important than a street beggars. It can be assumed that the Roman leaders who agreed to his crucifixion  thought that his teachings would die along with him or shortly thereafter(Lunn). They must have been furious when his very loyal and determined followers didn’t allow that to happen. One of their own Roman citizens, Paul (known as Saint Paul) proved to be the most effective in caring on spreading the word of God the way Jesus himself did. He was a devout follower of Jesus and believed that if Jesus was willing to die for the sins of mankind and for his beliefs then it all must be true. Saint Paul became well known for his missionary trips that took him from Palestine into the Roman Empire (Syria, Turkey, Greece, and Italy). He carried only his teachings of Jesus new religion with him and spread the word to the non-Jews(Lunn). Up to this point in history Christianity was only known as a small Jewish Sect. It was Paul who took this new religion and the story of Jesus the Messiah to the masses. Most of the biblical scriptures of the new testament were written after the death of Jesus so there would have been very few available to him to use. The actual outlines of his new religion of that day is relatively unknown so Paul’s teachings and preaching would have been on the general ideas of Jesus and his ideas of Christianity such as the firsthand knowledge Jesus said he had of his holy father being the one and only God. It was Christianity’s insistence of one all-knowing and all-powerful God and others teachings like it that led to the Roman’s feeling threatened. Roman authorities waited for quite some time before deciding how to best approach and deal with this new religion. In the mean time, Paul and others like him were picking up so many followers so fast that the Roman leaders began to think of Christianity as a cult(Paulgaard). The Roman Empire had for so long kept it guaranteed religious peace due to the principles of religious toleration most of all Christianity was in direct defiance of the â€Å"official state religion of the empire.† To top it all of Christians refused to perform Caesar worship, which was required of all citizens of the Roman Empire, and this more than anything else proved of the Christians disloyalty to their Roman rulers. Finally, in AD 64 Roman authorities got an answer to the question of what to with the followers of Jesus and Christianity ,when Nero’s bloody repression led to the persecution of the Christians(Rise). This repression ,though rash and short lived, was a significant historical  event. After the repression and upon learning of the Christians refusal to perform Cesar worship, the Roman emperor Domitian sent investigators to Galilee to questions the family of Jesus. They released all they questioned without charging them but just the fact that the Roman Emperor had taken interest in this small Jewish sect proved that Christianity was no longer merely just a small Jewish sect but a force to be reckoned with. It was towards the end of the 1st century that Christians finally severed all ties with Judaism and established themselves as their own religion(World). They were Christians and they were independent of all other religions. After the separation Roman authorities no longer had them on radar. They didn’t know who Christians were independent from Judaism. The fact that Christianity was now unknown to the Roman Empire led to all kinds of rumors about this new sect. There were all kinds of rumors that Christians were performing all kinds of secret rituals such as child sacrifice, incest and even cannibalism. This led to major bad publicity ,so to speak, for Christians. During the 2nd century AD Christians were once again persecuted for their beliefs. The biggest reason this time was because Christianity did not allow their members to give the statutory reverence to the images of the gods and of the emperor. Their gatherings then became considered a civil disobedience and a transgression against the edict of Trajan. The edict of Trajan forbade meetings of secret societies and since the roman authorities considered Christianity a cult, that was a secret society(Lunn). The next serious persecutions were those under the rule of Marcus Aurelius. This period defined the Christians understanding of martyrdom. Following a period of widespread toleration of the Christians by the roman authorities after the persecution by Marcus Aurelis, Diocletian enacted what was to become the greatest persecution of Christians under Roman rule. He and Caesar Galerius launched a purge against the sect. They saw the Christians as becoming far too powerful and so in turn to dangerous. AD 312 marked the beginning of a new era in the history of Christianity under Roman rule. Emperor Constantine had a vision of the sign of Christ in a dream on the eve of a battle with his rival emperor Maxentius. The vision told him that he was to have the symbol inscribed on his helmet so he did.  He also ordered all of his bodyguard to paint in on their shields. After his victory in battle he declared that he owed his victory to the God of Christians. Constantine already had a tolerant attitude of the Christians that he had gotten from his father but before that night he had never indicated that he would be on their side(Paulgaard). His vision changed the fate of Christianity for good. Constantine secured religious toleration towards Christians all over the empire. It was in AD 324 that he defeated his last rival emperor and his final religious restraint disappeared that he became the first Christian emperor that ruled over the entire empire. He saw to the construction of many gr eat churches and great monuments to Christianity. He also became openly hostile toward the pagans and sought out to confiscate their treasures. The items confiscated were later given to the Christian Churches. Citizens of the Roman empire never really were even given time to work into Christianity, they were just kind of shocked into it by Constantine saying I am ruler and what I say goes. Following Constantine as ruler was Julian. When he took the throne he immediately renounced Christianity but could do little to change it as Christianity by then dominated the religious make-up of the empire. After years of trying to establish what was and was not part of the Christian religion in was the emperor Theodosius in AD 380 that took the final step and made Christianity the official religion of the state(Lunn). There were ups and downs for Christianity in the Roman Empire following the decision to make it the official religion, but no matter who argued against it, the fact was that Christianity was there to stay. The road for Christianity from a small Jewish sect to the official religion of the Roman Empire was a long and deadly one paved with the loves of many a Christian, starting with the life of Jesus of Nazareth. Jesus start out with the goal of spreading the news that there was only one God and that he was a loving, forgiving, and faithful God. Roman authorities from first learning of Christianity, sought to destroy it. They wanted no part of a cult that didn’t bend to their will because they could not control them. Many Roman’s thought that by threatening and then following through with killing Christians, they would renounce their faith in their God. But, they didn’t. It took a very long time and many, many deaths and persecutions for one  Roman emperor to stand on the side of the Christians. Had it not been for Constantine and his vision, Chrisitanity may not have gotten to where it is today. It is not only to official Roman Empire’s religion it has beco me the most well known and most practiced religion among the western world to date. And it all leads back to one man who died on the cross for my sins. Bibliography 1. Adler, Philip J., Pouwels, Randall L. World Cvilizations. 6th ed. copyright 2012,2008 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. pgs 138-142 2. The Rise of Christianity. Purdue Online. Purdue.Edu.com April 22,2014 3. Lunn-Rockliffe, Dr. Sophie. Christianity and the Roman Empire. BBC History Ancient History in depth. pub.2011-02-17. Online. April 24,2014. 4. Paulgaard, James. The Expansion of Christianity in the Roman Empire. University of Saskatcewan.1 April 1999. Worldpress.com April 22, 2014.